- Kuvhota kwenguva refu muPHP kunoita kuti zvikumbiro zveHTTP zvirambe zvakavhurika, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira vashandi vePHP vashoma uye kukanganisa scalability kana zvikashandiswa nema naive blocking loops.
- Maitiro emazuva ano anotungamirirwa nezviitiko, magadzirirwo akanyatsogadzirwa uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita sekubatanidza, kuchengetedza data uye kudzora mwero zvinogona kuderedza matambudziko mazhinji ekuvhota kwenguva refu.
- Dzimwe nzira dzakadai seWebSockets, SSE uye mapuratifomu anotarisirwa panguva chaiyo anowanzo kupa mashandiro ari nani kune zviitiko zvine concurrency yakawanda kupfuura PHP long polling.
Kana wakamboedza kuisa maitiro e "chaiyo" papurogiramu yekare yePHP, pamwe wakasangana nematambudziko ekushanda kwayo asinganzwisisike. Zvinoita sechiito chiri nyore - kuchengetedza chikumbiro cheHTTP chakavhurika kusvika paine chimwe chinhu chitsva chekutumira - kamwe kamwe zvinomutsa mibvunzo isina musoro nezvemaitiro ePHP akavharika, ndangariro yeseva, nguva dzausingakwanise kushandisa uye kuti unofanirwa sei kupfuudza vashandisi vashoma.
Gwaro iri rinoongorora zvakadzama dambudziko rekutsvaga ruzivo kwenguva refu muPHP, kuti nei ichiita zvinhu nenzira yainoita, kuti ndeapi matambudziko anonyanya kukosha uye zvaunogona kuita nezvazvo. Tichafamba-famba kuti kuvhota kunoshanda kwenguva yakareba sei, sei munhu asina ruzivo sleep()Kushandiswa kwakavakirwa pa--based kunowanzo kuipa kupfuura kuvhota kwenguva pfupi, kuti zviitiko zvemazuva ano uye mawebhu server zvinogona kubatsira sei, uye kuti ndeapi magadzirirwo akakodzera kushanda nesimba. Munzira tichaenzanisa kuvhota kwenguva refu neWebSockets neServer-Sent Events, totaura nezvekuchengetedza uye kubata zvikanganiso, uye totarisa kuti ndepapi paunofanira kusiya PHP kune chimwe chinhu chakaita seNode.js kana puratifomu inodzorwa nenguva chaiyo.
Chii chinonzi kuvhota kwenguva refu uye chinoshanda sei chaizvo?
Pachinyanya kukosha, kuongorora kwenguva refu kunongova HTTP apo sevha inononoka kupindura nemaune kusvika yawana chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chekutaura. Pane kuti mutengi arambe achibvunza sevha masekondi mashoma ega ega kuti "pane chimwe chinhu chitsva?", mutengi anotumira chikumbiro icho sevha inochengeta chakavhurika, ichipindura chete kana data idzva ragadzirwa kana kuti nguva yapera.
Maitiro ekukumbira/kupindura kwenguva refu ekuvhota anoita seizvi: browser (kana chero mutengi) inoita chikumbiro cheHTTP kune imwe nzvimbo yekupedzisira, sevha inogamuchira chikumbiro asi haitumire mhinduro ipapo ipapo, uye kubatana kweTCP kunoramba kwakavhurika sevha ichimirira zviitiko zvitsva kana data.
Kana chimwe chiitiko chikasvika - meseji yekukurukurirana, chiziviso, kana chiitiko chitsva chemutambo - sevha inopindura pakarepo kune mutengi akamirira. Mutengi anogadzirisa zvinhu zvinopa mari uye, zvakakosha, anotumira chikumbiro chitsva chekuvhota kwenguva refu ipapo ipapo saka panogara paine (kana kuti nguva dzose) kubatana kumwe chete kwakavhurika kwakamirira kugadziridzwa kunotevera.
Kana pasina chinoitika kwenguva yakati, sevha inozopedzisira yapedza chikumbiro mushure memuganhu wakagadzirirwa, ichipindura nedata risina chinhu kana kuti "hapana update". Mutengi achiri kutumira chikumbiro chitsva kana agamuchira mhinduro iyi yekunonoka, achichengetedza maitiro ake kwenguva refu kuburikidza nekufona kweHTTP kunodzokororwa pane kubatana kamwe chete kusingaperi.
Saka kunyange hazvo vanhu vachitaura nezvekubatana kwenguva refu kwekutsvaga, zviri pachena kuti inyaya yekukumbira kweHTTP kwenguva refu pane kungoyerera kamwe chete kusingaperi. Musiyano iwoyo wakaoma unokosha zvikuru kuPHP, nekuti chimwe nechimwe chezvikumbiro izvozvo chinowanzo batanidzwa kune imwe nzira yekushanda yePHP kana tambo kwehupenyu hwayo hwese.
Kuvhota kwenguva refu vs kuvhota kwenguva pfupi muPHP
Kuvhota kwenguva pfupi ndiyo nzira iri nyore, yekare: mutengi anokumbira sevha data idzva nehurongwa hwakatarwa uye sevha inopindura ipapo ipapo. Ungangorova /notifications masekondi matatu kusvika mashanu ega ega, tarisa database nekukurumidza, uye tumira chero chitsva.
Maitiro aya ari nyore kufunga nezvawo asi anoparadza zvakanyanya apo ongororo zhinji dzinoratidza kuti "hapana chitsva". Unoshandisa CPU, mibvunzo yedatabase uye network overhead pamhinduro dzisina chinhu, uye mushandisi anogona kuona kunonoka pakati pechiitiko chiri kuitika uye ongororo inotevera yakarongwa.
Kuvhota kwenguva refu kunoshandura modhi: zvikumbiro zvishoma zveHTTP, asi chimwe nechimwe chinorarama kwenguva yakareba apo sevha yakamirira chiitiko. Mudzidziso iyi inoderedza huwandu hweHTTP uye inovandudza kupindura kunofungidzirwa, nekuti vashandisi vanowana zviziviso nekukurumidza pazvinoitika pachinzvimbo chekumirira nguva inotevera yekuvhota.
Chinonyanya kukosha muPHP ndechekuti poindi yekupomera isina ruzivo inongovhara mushandi kwenguva yekumirira. Kana ukabata chinongedzo chakavhurika kwemasekonzi mazana matatu uchishandisa loop ine sleep(), uri kusanganisa maitiro ePHP kana tambo iyo yaigona kushandira zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvekupfupisa ongororo munguva imwe chete.
Kana ukaenzanisa zvinhu zviviri zviri pasi pemutoro, poindi yekuvhota kwenguva refu isina kushanda zvakanaka inogona kubata vatengi vashoma panguva imwe chete pane kuvhota kwenguva pfupi. Semuenzaniso, dziva rePHP-FPM rinogona kushandira zviuru zvemapoinzi madiki emasekondi mashanu rinogona kumira kana mushandisi wega wega akabata mushandi kwemasekondi mazana matatu panguva.
Nei maitiro ekuvhota marefu ePHP ari dambudziko
Nzira yakajairika yePHP yekuvhota kwenguva refu inoita kunge "kuwedzera" max_execution_time, vhara chikamu, wobva watanga ne sleep() vachitarisa ruzivo rutsva”. Mukufunga zviri nyore: unomisa PHP kuti isapedze nguva nekukurumidza, wosunungura session lock kuitira kuti zvimwe zvikumbiro kubva kumushandisi mumwe chete zvigone kumhanya, wobva watsvaga mameseji matsva mu loop kwemasekondi anosvika ~300.
Mukati me loop iyoyo, kodhi yako inogona bvunza nezve database kana kuongorora imwe cache iri mundangariro pane imwe neimwe iteration, uchimira kwesekondi kana zvakadaro ne sleep(1) kudzivirira kudzvanya backend. Kana ukawana chiziviso chitsva, unobuda muchirongwa, tumira mhinduro wobva wapedzisa chinyorwa; kana ukasvika panguva yakatarwa usina data idzva, unodzosera array isina chinhu kana chiratidzo chekuti "hapana updates".
Kune rumwe rutivi rwemutengi, JavaScript shoma (inowanzo shandiswa kuburikidza ne $.ajax() mu jQuery kana fetch() muvanilla JS) inodana izvi kakawanda. Kana browser yangowana mhinduro (data kana isina chinhu), inomirira masekondi mashoma uye inobva yatumira imwezve chikumbiro chekutsvaga kwenguva refu, ichiramba ichishanda chero bedzi mushandisi ari papeji.
Kunyange zvazvo maitiro aya achishandira vashandisi vashoma, anokurumidza kusvika pamiganhu yakaoma nekuti chikumbiro chega chega chekumirira chinotora mushandi wese wePHP. Nekushandisa Apache prefork kana PHP-FPM, script yega yega yakavharika inoshandisa RAM uye zviwanikwa nguva yese isina chinhu, zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe vatengi vanosvika 30-40 vanogona kuonekwa, uye vanopfuura 100 vanotanga kuva nengozi pasina kugadzirisa nekungwarira.
Zvinotonyanya kuipa ndezvekuti, zviri nyore kusanzwisisa zviri kutaurwa sleep() kufona kuri kutoitika. Kubva pamaonero ehurongwa hwekushanda, tambo yako yePHP haisi kuita chero chinhu chinobudirira panguva yekurara ikoko, asi ichiri kuverengerwa semushandi ari mupenyu asingakwanise kushandiswazve kune zvimwe zvikumbiro.
Mitsetse, maitiro uye modhi yewebhu server
Kuti unzwisise dambudziko rekutsvaga ruzivo kwenguva refu muPHP, unofanirwa kutarisa kuti web server yako inotarisira sei kubatana uye maitiro evashandi. Chinyakare cheApache prefork chinotanga maitiro akawanda, chimwe nechimwe chichibata chikumbiro chimwe panguva; mamwe maMPM kana PHP-FPM anoshandisa mapoka evashandi vane maitiro akafanana ekukumbira-pa-mushandi mumwe chete.
Kana munhu wese ari kuvhota kwenguva refu akavhura chikumbiro kwemaminitsi mashoma, unokurumidza kupedza vashandi vePHP vashoma. Mumwe nemumwe wavo anenge akagara ipapo asingashande, achivhara ndangariro uye achidzivirira kuti vanhu vasazowana mamwe traffic kana wasvika padanho repamusoro rakagadziriswa.
Enzanisa izvi nemasisitimu akavakirwa paI/O isingavharidzi uye maevent loops, uko tambo imwe chete yeOS inogona kubatanidza zviuru zvekubatanidza panguva imwe chete chero bedzi zvakawanda zvacho zvisina basa. Munyika iyoyo, "chimwe chinhu" chiri mukati meOS stack chiri kumirira, asi hachisi chinhu chinorema chekushandisa pakubatanidza.
Nginx muenzaniso wakanaka kudivi reHTTP: inoshandisa dhizaini inotungamirwa nezviitiko kubata huwandu hukuru hwekubatana kwakavhurika pasina ndangariro yakawanda. Kana ukabatanidza PHP muNginx kuburikidza neFastCGI kana PHP-FPM, Nginx inogona kuchengetedza kubatana kwevatengi kuripo uye kukumbira kwepurazi kune boka revanhu vane saizi yakatarwa, izvo zvinowedzera mukana wekufema asi hazvigadzirise nemanomano zvinyorwa zvePHP zvinovharika.
Ndosaka mantra iri nyore yekuti "ongororo yese refu inovhara tambo" iri nyore asi ichiri yakarurama kune akawanda mapurojekiti ekare ePHP. Kunze kwekunge uchishandisa asynchronous runtime kana imwe architecture, script yakajairika yePHP inoitwa pamwe chete uye inogara mushandi kwenguva yakareba sezvaanogara.
Ko Node.js inonyanya kukosha pano here?
Node.js inowanzo taurwa senzira yekugadzirisa mashiripiti nekuti inoshandisa loop yechiitiko ine tambo imwe chete uye I/O isingavharidzike nedefault. Panzvimbo pekugadzira tambo pakubatanidza, Node inochengetedza masoketi akawanda akavhurika panguva imwe chete uye inoshanda chete kana data rasvika kana chiitiko chatanga.
Sarudzo iyi yekuvaka inoita kuti zvive nyore kutsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwekubatanidza kwenguva refu kana WebSocket pamidziyo midiki. Kana pasina mameseji ari kuyerera, chiitiko cheNode chichiripo asi hachishande zvakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kweRAM pakubatanidza kudiki kana tichienzanisa nePHP worker-per-request setup yekare.
Zvisinei, PHP haina kuvharirwa zvachose mumutambo uyu; inewo maraibhurari emazuva ano ezviitiko zvinopa maitiro akafanana ekusavharira. Mapurojekiti akaita seReactPHP, Amp kana Revolt anokupa nguva yekumhanya inotungamirwa nezviitiko mukati mePHP, iyo inogona kubata masoketi kana mabasa asina kurongeka pasina kutenderedza mushandi anovhara pakubatanidza kwega kwega.
Mukuita, zvakadaro, ruzhinji rwemapurogiramu ekare ePHP achiri kushanda pamhando inopindirana neApache kana PHP-FPM uye hapana chiitiko chinotenderera. Kune maapplication iwayo, mukurumbira wekuti "Node iri nani pakuvhota kwenguva refu" wakanyanya kunaka, nekuti unofanirwa kugadzira patsva PHP stack yako kuti uwane scalability yakafanana.
Nguva yekuvhota inoenzaniswa neWebSockets neSSE yakareba sei
Kuvhota kwenguva refu ingori imwe nzira yekubvisa data kubva kuseva kuenda kune mutengi; WebSockets neServer-Sent Events (SSE) kazhinji zvinonyatsokodzera maapplication emazuva ano. Nzira yega yega ine zvayakanakira maererano nekuoma kwayo, kugona kwayo uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
WebSockets inogadzira nzira yechokwadi yekubatanidza ma "bidirectional channel" pakati pemutengi neseva kuburikidza nekubatanidza kweTCP kwakavandudzwa kamwe chete. Kana kusimudzirana maoko kwapera, mativi ese anogona kutumira mameseji paanenge achida pasina kudzokorora maHTTP headers pamusoro, izvo zvinova kukunda kukuru kune machat apps, mitambo yevatambi vakawanda, ma dashboards uye chero mamiriro ezvinhu ane updates kakawanda.
SSE, kune rumwe rutivi, inopa rukova rwezviitiko kubva kune sevha kuenda kune mutengi kuburikidza nekubatana kweHTTP kwenguva refu. Inokodzera zvakanaka pakuzivisa, mafeed epamoyo kana chero nyaya apo sevha chete ndiyo inoda kusunda data uye mutengi haawanzo tumira ruzivo shure kwekukumbira kwekutanga.
Kuvhota kwenguva refu kuri pakati nepakati: kunotevedzera server push uchishandisa zvikumbiro zveHTTP zvinodzokororwa, saka uchiri kubhadhara connection neheader overhead nguva imwe neimwe. Chinhu chakanaka ndechekuti inoshanda neHTTP infrastructure isina ruzivo rwakawanda uye mabrowser akajairwa asina mamwe maprotocol kana rutsigiro rwakakosha rwevatengi.
Maraibhurari mazhinji anoshanda panguva chaiyo seSocket.IO anotanga nekuongororwa kwenguva refu uye ozosimudzira kuenda kuWebSockets kana zvichibvira, achitora kuongororwa kwenguva refu senzira yekudzokera shure kwete senzira huru. Izvozvo zvinokuudza zvakawanda nezvekushanda zvakanaka kwekuongorora kwenguva refu.
Kufunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzekuvhotera dzakareba
Kunyangwe kuvhota kwenguva refu kuchiita sekunge kwakaderera, nzvimbo yega yega yekuvhota kwenguva refu ichiri nzvimbo yeHTTP API inofanira kuchengetedzwa nemazvo. Danho rekutanga risingakurukurwe nderekushandisa HTTPS chete kuitira kuti vanhu vasakwanise kubatwa kana kukanganiswa pakufamba.
Pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwekufambisa, unoda kusimbiswa kwakasimba uye mvumo kune zvese zvikumbiro zvekuvhota kwenguva refu. Kunyangwe uchishandisa makuki emusangano, maJWT, ma API token kana OAuth, sevha inofanira kuona kuti kubatana kwega kwega kwakazaruka kunoenderana nemushandisi anoshanda uye kuti mushandisi anobvumirwa kugamuchira ruzivo rwakumbirwa.
Zvimwe zvinetso zvekuchengetedza mabrowser zvekare zvakaita seCSRF zvingave zvisina basa kana usingavimbi ne implicate based authentication kubva kumafomu akajairwa, asi uchiri kuda kufunga nezvemamiriro ako chaiwo. Kana makuki achibatanidzwa kana kuti kana magumo acho achigona kukonzera shanduko dzemamiriro ezvinhu, saka dziviriro dzinopesana neCSRF (matokeni, makuki epanzvimbo imwe chete, nezvimwewo) dzinoramba dzichikosha.
Kusimbiswa kwekupinda kwakakoshawo pakuvhota kwenguva refu sezvakaita chero imwe HTTP API. Maparameter akadai sema channel identifiers, user IDs, filters kana timestamps anofanirwa kucheneswa uye kusimbiswa paserver kudzivirira SQL injection, path traversal kana logic bugs dzinogona kuburitsa data pakati pevashandisi.
Kuongororwa kwenguva refu kunovhurawo mukana wekurambwa kwebasa nekuti kubatana kunogara kwenguva refu nemaune uye kunodhura zvakanyanya muPHP. Unofanira kusimbisa miganhu yemitengo inonzwisisika paIP yega yega kana paaccount yega yega, deredza huwandu hwekubatana panguva imwe chete uye shandisa nguva dzekubatanidza kuti mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa arambe achidzorwa.
Kugara uchitarisa, kunyora magwaro uye kuongororwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa nguva nenguva ndizvo zvinhu zvekupedzisira zvekudzivirira. Kunyora zvikanganiso zvekuvhota kwenguva refu, kutadza kusimbiswa uye maitiro asina kujairika ekubatanidza kunokupa data raunoda kuti uone kushandiswa zvisina kunaka, kudzoka shure kana matambudziko ekugadzirisa asati aputika pasi petraffic chaiyo.
Kugadzirisa zvikanganiso uye kusimba mukuvhota kwenguva refu
Nekuti kuvhota kwenguva refu kunoenderana nekubatana kwakawanda kwenguva refu, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvakasimba kwakakosha kudzivirira kukundikana kukuru kana vatengi vakabatikana. Tanga nekuisa nguva chaiyo yekudzima server-side kune chikumbiro chega chega kuitira kuti chiitiko chisipo chisasiye ma connections akarembera nekusingaperi.
Kana nguva iyoyo yasvika pasina data idzva, sevha inofanira kupindura nemutengo wakajeka, wakanyatsotsanangurwa. Izvo zvingave runyorwa rusina chinhu, chimiro cheJSON chakati kana mamiriro eHTTP 204, asi zvinofanira kunge zvichifungidzirwa kuitira kuti mutengi agone kusiyanisa "hapana data parizvino" kubva pane zvikanganiso chaizvo.
Kune matambudziko chaiwo ari padivi peseva - kudzima kwedatabase, kusawirirana kwemukati, ma parameter asina kunaka - zvakakosha kutumira ma HTTP status codes akarurama. Makodhi akaita se500 (server error), 404 (resource haina kuwanikwa) kana 401/403 (auth problems) anobvumira mutengi kuti aite zvakakodzera pane kuedzazve asingafungi.
Kune rumwe rutivi rwemutengi, kuedzazve otomatiki ne exponential backoff kunenge kuri pamutemo kana paine kuvhota kwenguva refu. Kana chikumbiro chikakundikana kana chikapera nenzira isingatarisirwi, mutengi anofanira kumirira zvishoma asati atumira chinotevera, uye kuwedzera nguva yekumirira yekukundikana kudzokorora kudzivirira kutsika kwemashure kunonetsa.
Kuongorora hutano uye manejimendi emamiriro ekubatanidza zvimwe zvezvikamu zvekugadzira kwakanaka. Kana mutengi akaona kurasikirwa kwenetwork kana zvikanganiso zveserver zvichidzokororwa, anogona kuchinja kuita nzira iri nyore yekudzokera kumashure senge short polling kana kudzima maficha enguva chaiyo uku achiratidza meseji ine hushamwari kumushandisi.
Chekupedzisira, maitiro ese aya anofanira kuonekwa: zvikanganiso zvelog, nguva yekubuda uye maitiro ekudzokorora, wobva washandisa log nemetrics idzodzo kugadzirisa nguva yekubuda, nzira dzekudzoka uye kugona kwezvivakwa. Kutsvaga kwenguva refu kusingashande chinyararire ndeimwe yenzira dzinokurumidza dzekuita kuti vashandisi vatsamwe uye vatadze kushanda zvakanaka.
Matanho ekuwedzera, mashandiro uye kugadzirisa
Kunze kwebhokisi, kuongorora kwenguva refu kwePHP kusina kunaka hakukure zvakanaka, asi kune zvakawanda zvaunogona kuvhura usati warega zvachose. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza mari yekubatanidza uye kushandisa zvirinani zvivakwa zvako.
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kubatsira ndeyekupindura mibvunzo yakawanda pane kutumira meseji imwe chete pamhinduro imwe neimwe yeHTTP. Kana zviitiko zvakawanda zvikaitika panguva imwe chete yekuvhota kwenguva refu, zviunganidze muhuwandu hwemubhadharo mumwe chete kuitira kuti uderedze huwandu hweHTTP overhead uye kuderedza huwandu hwekubatanidzazve.
Kudzvanya kunogonawo kuita mutsauko mukuru, kunyanya paJSON payloads dzine mashoko akawanda. Kugonesa Gzip (kana yakafanana) pawebhu server kana PHP level kunoderedza saizi dzemhinduro, kukurumidzisa kutumira uye kunoderedza kushandiswa kwebandwidth, izvo zvinoonekwa padanho guru.
Kuchengeta data hakufanirwe kuregeredzwa: cache layer yakatsaurirwa inogona kutora mabasa akawanda anodzokororwa ayo angadai akawira mudhatabhesi yako kana microservices. Kana vashandisi vazhinji vakanyoresa kumastream akafanana, ma cached snapshots kana ma computed aggregates anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya nguva yekugadzirisa chikumbiro chega chega.
Padivi rekubatanidza, kuunganidza nekushandisazve chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kune vanotevedzera mafambiro edatabase kana maAPI ekunze. Kuchengeta kubatana kwedatabase kwakavhurika uye kushandiswazve pachinzvimbo chekubatanidzazve pane imwe neimwe poll kunogona kuderedza latency uye mutoro weCPU, kunyanya kana paine zvakawanda zvinoenderana.
Kuderedza mwero uye kudzvinyirira zvinopa mabasa maviri: zvinodzivirira zvivakwa zvako kubva mukushungurudzwa uye zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mashandiro achifungidzirwa kana zvinhu zvaoma. Nekutarisa kuti mushandisi kana IP anogona kuvhura kangani mapolling connections, unoderedza njodzi yekushaikwa kwezviwanikwa uye unogadzira mukana wekushandiswa zvakanaka.
Kuenzanisa mutoro pakati pemaseva akawanda ekushandisa ndeimwe lever ine simba. Kugovera zvikumbiro zvekuvhota kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kunodzivirira chero muchina mumwe chete kuti usave nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa nevanhu, kunyanya kana ukasanganiswa nemisangano inonamatira kana zvitoro zvekunze zvevashandisi.
Vashandi vekugadzirisa zvinhu nenzira isina kurongeka uye yekumashure vanofanirwa kubata chero chinhu chisiri chikamu che "wait for event, send event" loop. Mitsetse yemashoko, vashandi vebasa uye masisitimu akapararira anoita kuti nzvimbo yako yekuvhotera irambe yakatetepa uye ichipindura nepo basa rakaoma richiitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Kubatana kwakakodzera uye nguva yekudzima script ndiyo mavharuvhu ekupedzisira ekuchengetedza. Vhara ma connection asina kushanda kana kuti akavharika mushure menguva yakati rebei, chengeta max_execution_time zvinoenderana nepfungwa yako yekuvhota kwenguva refu uye taura zvakajeka kuti sevha nemutengi vanobvumirwa kumirira kwenguva yakareba sei.
Mazano ekushandisa PHP chaiwo ekuvhota kwenguva refu
Pakuita kuvhota kwenguva refu muPHP isina chinhu, ruzivo rwekugadzirisa nekunyora makodhi runoita mutsauko mukuru pamaitiro nekugadzikana. Imwe yedzakakura ndeyekufona session_write_close() nekukurumidza sezvinobvira muchinyorwa.
Mubati wechikamu chePHP anoshandisa makiyi efaira, zvinoreva kuti chikumbiro chinochengetedza chikamu chakavhurika chinogona kuvharira zvimwe zvikumbiro kubva kumushandisi mumwe chete. Kuvhara chikamu chekunyora zvinyorwa zvinovhara uku zvichibvumira mukana wekuverenga data rechikamu, saka zvimwe zvikumbiro zvakafanana hazvimire kumashure kwesarudzo refu.
Kazhinji uchafanirawo kusimudza kana kubvisa max_execution_time muganho wekubvumira mascripts kuti ashande kwemasekonzi makumi matanhatu, zana nemakumi maviri kana mazana matatu. Pasina kugadzirisa ikoko, PHP inogona kuuraya script yako isati yapera, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso zvevatengi kana mhinduro dzisina kutumirwa zvakanaka.
Mukati mehurongwa, chenjera zvikuru kuti unosvika kangani padatabase kana mamwe ma backends. Chidimbu chakasimba chinobvunza database yega yega 100 milliseconds chichanyungudutsa DB yako kana mutoro uri pakati nepakati; gadzira ma sleeps anonzwisisa, ma cache kana ma push-style triggers kuti system irambe ichipindura.
Zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvekunyora magwaro uye zviyero mukati meiyi loop. Tevedzera kuti unobuda kangani nekuda kwekupera kwenguva uchienzaniswa nedata chairo, kuti avhareji yekumirira inguva yakareba sei uye kuti mangani mapoinzi aunoita panguva imwe chete, wobva waisa nhamba idzodzo mukuronga kugona uye kugadzirisa kodhi.
Pamusoro pezvose, yeuka kuti script yega yega yePHP inovhara inoenderana nemushandi, saka kuderedza marobhoti, kurara uye basa risingakoshi kwakakosha kana uchida kutsigira vashandisi vashoma. Kune zvishandiso zvemukati kana mapurogiramu asingadhuri, izvi zvingave zvakanaka; kune chero chinhu chikuru, uchada chivakwa chakasimba.
Maitiro chaiwo, maraibhurari uye dzimwe nzira
Vagadziri vazhinji vanoona kuvhota kwenguva refu kuburikidza nemademo madiki: chinyorwa chePHP chinotarisa faira remavara, uye paunogadzirisa faira iroro, shanduko inoonekwa ipapo ipapo mubrowser. Iyi imhando yakanaka yepfungwa: kodhi iri nyore, maitiro akajeka uye mhinduro dzinobva dzangoitika.
Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu, muenzaniso iwoyo usingakoshi unokurumidza kusvika pamiganhu yatakurukura, asi uchiri kuratidza nzira huru yekushandisa. Mutengi weJavaScript anotumira chikumbiro cheAJAX, chinyorwa chePHP chinovhara kusvika faira rachinja kana kuti nguva yapera, wobva wapindura wodzokorora.
Kune PHP ecosystems, uchawana mashoma emaframework nemapattern anoedza kuita kuti izvi zvive nyore kudzora. Semuenzaniso, Laravel inosundidzira vagadziri vezvirongwa zvekuparadzira zviitiko kuburikidza neWebSockets kana masevhisi anotungamirwa, kunyangwe uchikwanisa kubatanidza nzira refu dzekuvhota nemaoko.
Kunze kwePHP, kune ma framework akakura mumitauro yese anotsigira kuvhota kwenguva refu zvakananga kana kupa zvirevo zvakanaka pamusoro pekutaurirana panguva chaiyo. Node.js dzine Express.js kana Socket.IO, Python ine Flask kana Django Channels, Java ine Spring, Ruby on Rails, uye .NET ine ASP.NET SignalR dzese isarudzo dzakakurumbira.
Mamwe mapuratifomu anovanza dambudziko rese rekuyera uye rekubatanidza kubva kwauri zvachose. Masevhisi anotungamirirwa nenguva chaiyo - kusanganisira ayo anotarisa pakutumira mameseji pabhawa/panzvimbo uye kuvapo - anopa maSDK evatengi, encryption, fine-grained access control uye global infrastructure kuti akwanise kubata mamiriyoni ekubatana panguva imwe chete saka haufanirwe kugadzira vhiri idzva.
Munyika yePHP, unogona kuwana zvakanakisa zvenyika dzese mbiri nekubatanidza logic yako iripo nebasa renguva chaiyo. PHP inoramba iine mutoro wemitemo yebhizinesi, kugara kwenguva refu uye maAPI, nepo puratifomu yekunze ichibata kubatana kwenguva refu, fan-out uye kutumira panguva chaiyo kuburikidza nekuvhota kwenguva refu, SSE kana WebSockets sezvakakodzera.
Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoongorora mafambiro ezvinhu dzinopa mazita ezvirongwa izvi panguva chaiyo seComet, Reverse Ajax, HTTP Streaming, Pushlet kana AJAX nguva refu. Pasi pehood zvese zvakasiyana-siyana zvine pfungwa imwe chete: kushandura protocol yekukumbira/kupindura zvakanyanya kuita chimwe chinhu chinonzwika sechinobva pakusundidzirwa.
Kune vanogadzira PHP vari kunetseka nematambudziko ekuvhota kwenguva refu, chinhu chikuru ndechekuongorora zvaunoda kuti zvienderane nemari yako, nzvimbo yako yekutambira uye kuti unoda kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda sei. Dzimwe nguva kungovhara tambo chete kwakakwana; dzimwe nguva zviri nani kushandisa raibhurari yezviitiko, kurodha pasi push kune sevhisi yakatsaurirwa kana kushandura chikamu che stack yako kuenda kune tekinoroji yakavakirwa huwandu hwakawanda hwekubatanidza kwakasununguka.
Kana ukabatanidza zvese izvi - HTTP mechanics, PHP's execution model, server architecture, security, error handling uye scalable design patterns - kuvhota kwenguva refu kunorega kuva asinganzwisisike performance killer uye kunongova chimwe chishandiso chaunogona kushandisa nemaune pazvine musoro.
